Mliri wa COVID-19 ukuchulukitsa chilimbikitso cha "zomangamanga zatsopano"

Chifukwa chomwe "zomangamanga zatsopano" zimatchedwa "zatsopano" chikugwirizana ndi zomangamanga zakale monga "ndege yapagulu yachitsulo", yomwe imatumikira makamaka zomangamanga za sayansi ndi ukadaulo. Ntchito yofanana yakale ya "zomangamanga zatsopano" ndi "dziko" yomwe idaperekedwa ndi Purezidenti wa US Clinton mu 1993. "Information Superhighway", kumanga zomangamanga zazikulu m'munda wazidziwitso, dongosololi lakhala ndi zotsatira zazikulu padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo lapanga ulemerero wamtsogolo wa chuma chazidziwitso cha US. Munthawi yachuma chamakampani, kumanga zomangamanga kumawonetsedwa pakukweza zinthu zakuthupi Kuyenda ndi kuphatikiza kwa unyolo wopereka; munthawi yachuma cha digito, kulumikizana kwa mafoni, deta yayikulu, luntha lochita kupanga ndi zida zina zamaukonde ndi malo osungira deta akhala ofunikira komanso ofunikira padziko lonse lapansi.

"Ntchito zatsopano" zomwe zikuperekedwa nthawi ino zili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu komanso zolinga zazikulu zautumiki. Mwachitsanzo, 5G ndi yolumikizirana pafoni, UHV ndi yamagetsi, sitima yothamanga kwambiri pakati pa mizinda ndi sitima zoyendera pakati pa mizinda ndi mayendedwe, malo akuluakulu opezera deta ndi a intaneti ndi ntchito zama digito, ndipo luntha lochita kupanga ndi intaneti yamafakitale ndi gawo lolemera komanso losiyanasiyana. Izi zitha kuyambitsa vuto loti chilichonse chimayikidwamo, koma izi zikugwirizananso ndi mawu oti "chatsopano" chifukwa zinthu zatsopano nthawi zonse zikukula.

Mu 2019, mabungwe oyenerera adakonza database ya polojekiti ya PPP yapakhomo, ndi ndalama zonse zokwana 17.6 trillion yuan, ndipo kumanga zomangamanga kudakali mutu waukulu, 7.1 trillion yuan, zomwe ndi 41%; malo okhala ndi nyumba ali pa nambala yachiwiri, 3.4 trillion yuan, zomwe ndi 20%; "Ntchito zatsopano" ndi pafupifupi 100 biliyoni yuan, zomwe ndi pafupifupi 0.5%, ndipo ndalama zonse si zazikulu. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za 21st Century Business Herald, kuyambira pa Marichi 5, mndandanda wa mapulani osungira ndalama amtsogolo omwe adaperekedwa ndi zigawo ndi mizinda 24 udafupikitsidwa, kuphatikizapo mapulojekiti 22,000, omwe ali ndi sikelo yonse ya 47.6 trillion yuan, ndi ndalama zokonzedweratu za 8 trillion yuan mu 2020. Gawo la "nyumba zatsopano" lili kale pafupifupi 10%.

Pa nthawi ya mliriwu, chuma cha digito chawonetsa mphamvu, ndipo mitundu yambiri ya digito monga moyo wa mitambo, ofesi ya mitambo, ndi chuma cha mitambo yakhala ikukulirakulira mwamphamvu, zomwe zikuwonjezera chilimbikitso chatsopano pakupanga "zomangamanga zatsopano". Pambuyo pa mliriwu, kuganizira za chilimbikitso cha zachuma, "zomangamanga zatsopano" kudzalandira chidwi chochulukirapo komanso ndalama zambiri, ndikuyika ziyembekezo zambiri zolimbikitsa kukula kwachuma.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zitsulo m'malo asanu ndi awiri

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa madera asanu ndi awiri akuluakulu a "zomangamanga zatsopano" kumadalira chuma cha digito ndi chuma chanzeru. Makampani opanga zitsulo adzapindula ndi mphamvu zatsopano za kinetic ndi kuthekera kwatsopano komwe kuperekedwa ndi "zomangamanga zatsopano" kufika pamlingo wapamwamba, ndipo "Zomangamanga" zidzaperekanso zipangizo zofunika.

Zosankhidwa m'magawo asanu ndi awiri ndi mphamvu yachitsulo pazinthu zachitsulo, kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi, ndi sitima yapamtunda yothamanga kwambiri pakati pa mzinda ndi sitima yapamtunda yodutsa pakati pa mzinda, UHV, mulu watsopano wa magalimoto amphamvu, siteshoni ya 5G base, malo akuluakulu osungira deta, intaneti ya mafakitale, luntha lochita kupanga.

Malinga ndi "Pulani ya Zaka Zisanu ndi Zitatu ya National Railway", dongosolo la mtunda wa bizinesi ya sitima yothamanga kwambiri ya 2020 lidzakhala makilomita 30,000. Mu 2019, mtunda wogwirira ntchito wa sitima yothamanga kwambiri wafika makilomita 35,000, ndipo cholinga chadutsa nthawi isanakwane." Mu 2020, sitima ya dziko lonse idzayika ndalama zokwana 800 biliyoni ya yuan ndikuyika mizere yatsopano ya makilomita 4,000, yomwe sitima yothamanga kwambiri idzakhala makilomita 2,000. Cholinga chidzakhala pa zofooka, maukonde obisika, ndipo mphamvu yogulira ndalama idzakhala yofanana mu 2019. Potengera maziko oyambira a netiweki ya msana ya dziko, mu 2019, mtunda wonse wa njanji za m'mizinda mdziko muno udzafika makilomita 6,730, kuwonjezeka kwa makilomita 969, ndipo mphamvu yogulira ndalama idzakhala pafupifupi 700 biliyoni. Motsogozedwa ndi ndondomeko yowonjezera ya "zomangamanga zatsopano", Kulumikizana kwa madera pansi pa netiweki ya msana, mapulojekiti obisa, monga njanji zothamanga kwambiri pakati pa mizinda ndi sitima zoyendera pakati pa mizinda, zidzakhala cholinga chachikulu cha zomangamanga zamtsogolo. Madera otukuka kwambiri, kufunikira kwakukulu, cholinga chotsatira cha madera ndi Mtsinje wa Yangtze. Delta, Zhuhai Malinga ndi dongosolo la "Shanghai 2035", Changjiang, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei ndi Changjiang apanga netiweki yoyendera njanji ya "makilomita atatu" ya mizere ya m'mizinda, mizere yolumikizana pakati pa mizinda, ndi mizere yakomweko. Ndalama zokwana madola 100 miliyoni aku US pa njanji zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chochepera 0.333 Pali ndalama zokwana madola 1 thililiyoni aku US kuti apititse patsogolo kufunikira kwa matani 3333 achitsulo, ndipo ndalama zogwirira ntchito nthawi yayitali ndi zipangizo zomangira ndi zipangizo za njanji.

UHV. Gawoli likuyendetsedwa makamaka ndi State Grid. Tsopano zikuonekeratu kuti mu 2020, ma UHV 7 adzavomerezedwa. Kukoka kwa chitsulo kumeneku kumawonekera kwambiri mu chitsulo chamagetsi. Mu 2019, kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chamagetsi kunali matani 979, zomwe zawonjezeka ndi 6.6% kangapo. Pambuyo pa kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zomwe UHV imagwiritsa ntchito pa gridi, kufunikira kwa chitsulo chamagetsi kukuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka.

Mulu wa magalimoto atsopano ochapira. Malinga ndi "New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan", chiŵerengero cha kuwonongeka ndi 1:1, ndipo padzakhala milu pafupifupi 7 miliyoni yochapira ku China pofika chaka cha 2025. Mulu wa chapira umaphatikizapo makamaka chosungira zida, zingwe, mizati ndi zinthu zina zothandizira. Mulu wa chapira wa 7KW umawononga pafupifupi 20,000, ndipo 120KW imafuna pafupifupi 150,000. Kuchuluka kwa chitsulo cha milu yaying'ono yochapira kumachepetsedwa. Yaikulu idzaphatikizapo chitsulo china cha mabulaketi. Powerengedwa kuti ikhale matani 0.5 pa avareji iliyonse, milu ya chapira ya 7 miliyoni imafuna matani pafupifupi 350 achitsulo.

Siteshoni ya 5G. Malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la China Information Communication Institute linaneneratu, ndalama zomwe dziko langa limagwiritsa ntchito pomanga maukonde a 5G zikuyembekezeka kufika pa 1.2 trillion yuan pofika chaka cha 2025; ndalama zomwe dziko langa limagwiritsa ntchito pa zipangizo za 5G mu 2020 zidzakhala 90.2 biliyoni, zomwe 45.1 biliyoni zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zipangizo zazikulu, ndipo zida zina zothandizira monga masitimu a nsanja yolumikizirana zidzaphatikizidwa. Zomangamanga za 5G zagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri ya masitimu a macro base ndi masitimu ang'onoang'ono. Nsanja yayikulu yakunja ndi siteshoni yayikulu ndipo cholinga chachikulu cha zomangamanga zazikulu. Kumanga siteshoni yayikulu kumapangidwa ndi zida zazikulu, zida zothandizira mphamvu, zomangamanga, ndi zina zotero. Chitsulo chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chipinda cha makina, makabati, makabati, masitimu a nsanja yolumikizirana, ndi zina zotero. Kuchuluka kwa chitsulo cha nsanja yolumikizirana kumawerengera kuchuluka kwake, ndipo kulemera kwa nsanja yanthawi zonse ya machubu atatu ndi pafupifupi matani 8.5, koma masitimu ambiri a macro base ndi masitimu ang'onoang'ono amadalira 2/3/4G ndi malo ena olumikizirana. Malo osungiramo zinthu zazing'ono amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo okhala anthu ambiri, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chochepa. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chonse choyendetsedwa ndi malo osungiramo zinthu a 5G sikudzakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Malinga ndi ndalama zomwe zayikidwa pa malo osungiramo zinthu a 5%, chitsulo chikufunika, ndipo ndalama zokwana madola trilioni pa 5G zimapangitsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo kukwere ndi pafupifupi 50 biliyoni yuan.

Malo akuluakulu opezera deta, luntha lochita kupanga, intaneti ya mafakitale. Ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa hardware zimakhala makamaka m'zipinda zamakompyuta, ma seva, ndi zina zotero, poyerekeza ndi madera ena anayi, kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo mwachindunji ndi kochepa.

Kuwona Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zitsulo "Zatsopano Zomangamanga" Kuchokera ku Zitsanzo za Guangdong

Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera asanu ndi awiri akuluakulu kumasiyana, chifukwa sitima zapamtunda zimathandizira kwambiri ndalama zatsopano zogwirira ntchito komanso zomangamanga, zidzakhala zodziwikiratu kuti kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo kumawonjezera. Malinga ndi mndandanda wa mapulojekiti oyendetsera ndalama omwe adasindikizidwa ndi Chigawo cha Guangdong, pali mapulojekiti omanga ofunikira 1,230 mu 2020, omwe ndalama zonse zokwana 5.9 trillion yuan, ndi mapulojekiti oyambirira 868, omwe ndalama zonse zokwana 3.4 trillion yuan zimaganiziridwa. Mapulojekiti atsopanowa ndi 1 trillion yuan, zomwe zimapangitsa 10% ya pulani yonse yoyendetsera ndalama ya 9.3 trillion yuan.

Ponseponse, ndalama zonse zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa sitima pakati pa mizinda ndi sitima zapamtunda ndi ma yuan 906.9 biliyoni, zomwe ndi 90%. Mulingo wa ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 90% ndi dera lomwe lili ndi zitsulo zambiri, ndipo chiwerengero cha mapulojekiti 39 ndi chokwera kwambiri kuposa cha madera ena. Malinga ndi chidziwitso chochokera ku National Development and Reform Commission, kuvomerezedwa kwa mapulojekiti oyendetsera sitima pakati pa mizinda ndi mizinda kwafika kale mathiliyoni. Zikuyembekezeka kuti dera lino lidzakhala malo ofunikira kwambiri poyendetsa zomangamanga zatsopano pankhani ya kukula ndi kuchuluka kwake.

Chifukwa chake, "zomangamanga zatsopano" ndi mwayi kwa makampani opanga zitsulo kuti alimbikitse ubwino wawo komanso magwiridwe antchito awo, ndipo izi zipanganso malo atsopano okulirapo pakufunikira kwa zitsulo.