Zotsatira za Chemical Elements pa Properties of Steel Plate
Aloyi ya iron-carbon yokhala ndi mpweya wochepera 2.11% imatchedwa chitsulo.Kupatula zigawo za mankhwala monga chitsulo (Fe) ndi carbon (C), zitsulo zilinso ndi kachitsulo kakang'ono (Si), manganese (Mn), phosphorous (P), sulfure (S), mpweya (O), nayitrogeni ( N), niobium (Nb) ndi titaniyamu (Ti) Mphamvu ya zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zachitsulo ndi izi:
1. Mpweya (C): Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya wa carbon mu chitsulo, mphamvu zokolola ndi mphamvu zowonongeka zimawonjezeka, koma pulasitiki ndi mphamvu zowonongeka zimachepa;Komabe, pamene mpweya wa carbon uposa 0,23%, mphamvu yowotcherera yachitsulo imawonongeka.Choncho, mpweya zili otsika aloyi structural zitsulo ntchito kuwotcherera zambiri si upambana 0.20%.Kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya wa carbon kudzachepetsanso kukana kwa zitsulo zamlengalenga, ndipo chitsulo cha carbon chitsulo chimakhala chosavuta kuwononga panja.Kuphatikiza apo, mpweya ukhoza kuonjezera kuzizira kozizira komanso kumva kukalamba kwachitsulo.
2. Silikoni (Si): Silikoni ndi deoxidizer wamphamvu pakupanga zitsulo, ndipo zomwe zili mu silicon muzitsulo zophedwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala 0.12% -0.37%.Ngati zomwe zili mu silicon muzitsulo zimaposa 0.50%, silicon imatchedwa alloying element.Silicon imatha kusintha kwambiri malire otanuka, kutulutsa mphamvu ndi kulimba kwachitsulo, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chitsulo cha masika.Kuwonjezera 1.0-1.2% silicon mu kuzimitsidwa ndi kupsya zitsulo structural zitsulo kuonjezera mphamvu ndi 15-20%.Kuphatikizidwa ndi silicon, molybdenum, tungsten ndi chromium, imatha kusintha kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi kukana kwa okosijeni, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga chitsulo chosagwira kutentha.Chitsulo chochepa cha carbon chomwe chili ndi 1.0-4.0% ya silicon, yokhala ndi mphamvu ya maginito kwambiri, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zitsulo zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi.Kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu za silicon kudzachepetsa kuthekera kwachitsulo.
3. Manganese (Mn): Manganese ndi deoxidizer yabwino komanso desulfurizer.Nthawi zambiri, chitsulo chili ndi 0.30-0.50% manganese.Pamene manganese oposa 0,70% awonjezeredwa ku chitsulo cha carbon, amatchedwa "chitsulo cha manganese".Poyerekeza ndi zitsulo wamba, sizimangokhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira, komanso zimakhala ndi mphamvu zapamwamba komanso zolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitsulo zikhale zolimba komanso zotentha.Chitsulo chokhala ndi 11-14% manganese chimakhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chidebe chofufutira, mphero yamagetsi, ndi zina zambiri. Ndi kuchuluka kwa manganese, kukana kwa dzimbiri kumachepa ndipo kuwotcherera kumachepa.
4. Phosphorus (P): Kunena zoona, phosphorous ndi chinthu chovulaza muzitsulo, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chitsulo chikhale cholimba, koma chimachepetsa pulasitiki ndi kulimba kwachitsulo, kumawonjezera kuzizira kwachitsulo, ndikusokoneza ntchito yowotcherera ndi kuzizira. .Choncho, nthawi zambiri zimafunika kuti phosphorous zili mu zitsulo zosakwana 0,045%, ndi zofunika zitsulo apamwamba ndi otsika.
5. Sulfure (S): Sulfure ndi chinthu chovulaza nthawi zonse.Pangani chitsulo chotentha kwambiri, kuchepetsa ductility ndi kulimba kwachitsulo, ndipo yambitsani ming'alu pakupanga ndi kugudubuza.Sulfure imawononganso magwiridwe antchito komanso imachepetsa kukana kwa dzimbiri.Choncho, zinthu za sulfure nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosakwana 0.055%, ndipo zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zimakhala zosakwana 0.040%.Kuwonjezera 0.08-0.20% sulfure ku chitsulo kungapangitse mach-kulephera, komwe nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa chitsulo chodula mwaulere.
6. Aluminiyamu (Al): Aluminiyamu ndi deoxidizer yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzitsulo.Kuwonjezera pang'ono aluminiyumu kuchitsulo kungathe kuyeretsa kukula kwa tirigu ndikuwongolera kulimba;Aluminium imakhalanso ndi kukana kwa okosijeni komanso kukana dzimbiri.Kuphatikiza kwa aluminiyumu ndi chromium ndi silicon kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kwambiri kutentha kwapamwamba komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri kwachitsulo.Kuipa kwa aluminiyumu ndikuti kumakhudza ntchito yotentha, kuwotcherera ndi ntchito yodula chitsulo.
7. Oxygen (O) ndi nitrogen (N): Oxygen ndi nayitrogeni ndi zinthu zovulaza zomwe zimatha kulowa kuchokera ku mpweya wa ng'anjo pamene chitsulo chasungunuka.Oxygen imatha kupanga chitsulo chotentha kwambiri, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuposa sulfure.Nayitrojeni amatha kupanga kuzizira kwachitsulo chofanana ndi phosphorous.Kukalamba kwa nayitrogeni kumatha kukulitsa kuuma ndi kulimba kwachitsulo, koma kumachepetsa ductility ndi kulimba, makamaka pankhani ya ukalamba wopindika.
8. Niobium (Nb), vanadium (V) ndi titaniyamu (Ti): Niobium, vanadium ndi titaniyamu zonse ndi zinthu zoyenga mbewu.Kuonjezera zinthu izi moyenera kumatha kukonza chitsulo, kuyeretsa njere ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ndi kulimba kwachitsulo.